Plato's Esoteric Mathematics and the Significance of Numbers 3, 13, and 36: Exploring Iamblichus' Ideas on Devotion and Nomina Barbara

Plato, one of the most influential philosophers of ancient Greece, was renowned not only for his philosophical dialogues but also for his fascination with mathematics. Beyond the conventional mathematical concepts that are widely known, Plato delved into the realm of esoteric mathematics, where numbers held symbolic and metaphysical significance. In this essay, we will explore Plato's esoteric mathematics, focusing on the numbers 3, 13, and 36, and their relationship to the ideas of Iamblichus regarding acts of devotion to the gods and the concept of nomina barbara.

Plato believed that mathematics had a transcendent quality, serving as a bridge between the physical and metaphysical realms. He considered numbers as fundamental constituents of reality, with each possessing unique symbolic properties. According to Plato, the study of mathematics enabled individuals to attain a higher level of understanding, providing a pathway to divine wisdom and enlightenment.

The Number 3:

The number 3 holds great significance in Plato's esoteric mathematics. It represents unity, harmony, and balance. Plato considered it the first perfect number, a reflection of the divine order in the universe. He believed that everything in the world could be categorized into triads, which embodied a threefold structure. In Plato's philosophy, the triad was seen as a symbol of completion and stability.

The Number 13:

Plato attributed the number 13 with mystical properties. While it may seem an arbitrary number, Plato believed that it represented the universe's transition from the visible to the invisible. He connected it to the idea of death and rebirth, where the soul transcends the physical realm and enters into a higher plane of existence. Plato considered 13 as a symbol of transformation and spiritual evolution, signifying the cyclical nature of life.

The Number 36:

Plato regarded the number 36 as an emblem of completeness and perfection. He associated it with the cosmos and its divine order. According to Plato, the number 36 represented the sum of the first three perfect squares (1^2 + 2^2 + 3^2 = 36). It reflected the intricate balance and harmony present in the celestial spheres, serving as a testament to the divine intelligence and design underlying the universe.

Similarly, in the 3 Pangainoon katas, trifold and circular movements can be seen as symbolic actions that go beyond their literal representations. They are not merely physical techniques but carry deeper significance within the context of martial arts philosophy and practice. These movements are designed to embody specific principles, energies, or concepts.

The trifold movement in Pangainoon katas can be likened to Nomina Barbara in the sense that it represents a hidden or symbolic transformation. It may involve folding or unfolding the body in a particular manner, which can symbolize the unfolding of hidden potential, the merging of opposites, or the transformation of energy. Just as Nomina Barbara were believed to have a transformative effect, the trifold movement in the katas can serve as a metaphorical tool for self-development and spiritual growth.

The circular movements in Pangainoon katas can be compared to Nomina Barbara in terms of their cyclical nature and the symbolism associated with circles. In Iamblichus's philosophy, circles were seen as symbols of perfection, eternity, and the divine. Likewise, circular movements in the katas can represent the continuous flow of energy, the unending cycle of practice, or the harmonious interaction between different elements. They can also signify the unity of mind, body, and spirit, echoing the holistic approach of Neoplatonism.

Comparing a hymn (nomina barbara) to a kata, there are some parallels to consider. Both a hymn and a kata can be seen as forms of expression and embodiment of certain ideas or beliefs.

A hymn is a religious or devotional song that is often sung or chanted during worship or ceremonial occasions. It carries a melodic and rhythmic structure and is meant to evoke a sense of reverence, praise, or spiritual connection. Similarly, a kata is a choreographed sequence of movements performed in martial arts training. It has a specific order and rhythm and serves as a means of practicing techniques, refining form, and cultivating discipline.

Both a hymn and a kata can be considered as ritualistic practices. They involve repetition and precision, aiming to create a focused and meditative state of mind. Both can also serve as vehicles for transmitting cultural or spiritual values from one generation to another.

While a hymn primarily uses sound and lyrics to convey its message, a kata relies on physical movements and gestures. However, both share the aspect of embodying and expressing deeper meanings beyond the literal interpretation of their components. Both the hymn and the kata can be viewed as symbolic expressions of the human experience, whether in the realm of spirituality, devotion, discipline, or personal growth